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MySQL Reference Manual - 4.0.20

Table of Contents

1. General Information
- 1.1 About This Manual
  - 1.1.1 Conventions Used in This Manual
- 1.2 Overview of the MySQL Database Management System
- 1.3 Overview of MySQL AB
  - 1.3.1 The Business Model and Services of MySQL AB
  - 1.3.2 Contact Information
- 1.4 MySQL Support and Licensing
- 1.5 MySQL Development Roadmap
- 1.6 MySQL and the Future (the TODO)
- 1.7 MySQL Information Sources
  - 1.7.1 MySQL Mailing Lists
  - 1.7.2 MySQL Community Support on IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
- 1.8 MySQL Standards Compliance
2. Installing MySQL
- 2.1 General Installation Issues
- 2.2 Standard MySQL Installation Using a Binary Distribution
- 2.3 MySQL Installation Using a Source Distribution
- 2.4 Post-Installation Setup and Testing
- 2.5 Upgrading/Downgrading MySQL
- 2.6 Operating System-Specific Notes
- 2.7 Perl Installation Notes
3. MySQL Tutorial
- 3.1 Connecting to and Disconnecting from the Server
- 3.2 Entering Queries
- 3.3 Creating and Using a Database
- 3.4 Getting Information About Databases and Tables
- 3.5 Using mysql in Batch Mode
- 3.6 Examples of Common Queries
- 3.7 Queries from the Twin Project
  - 3.7.1 Find All Non-distributed Twins
  - 3.7.2 Show a Table of Twin Pair Status
- 3.8 Using MySQL with Apache
4. Using MySQL Programs
- 4.1 Overview of MySQL Programs
- 4.2 Invoking MySQL Programs
- 4.3 Specifying Program Options
5. Database Administration
- 5.1 The MySQL Server and Server Startup Scripts
- 5.2 Configuring the MySQL Server
- 5.3 General Security Issues
- 5.4 The MySQL Access Privilege System
- 5.5 MySQL User Account Management
- 5.6 Disaster Prevention and Recovery
- 5.7 MySQL Localization and International Usage
- 5.8 The MySQL Log Files
- 5.9 Running Multiple MySQL Servers on the Same Machine
- 5.10 The MySQL Query Cache
6. Replication in MySQL
- 6.1 Introduction to Replication
- 6.2 Replication Implementation Overview
- 6.3 Replication Implementation Details
- 6.4 How to Set Up Replication
- 6.5 Replication Compatibility Between MySQL Versions
- 6.6 Upgrading a Replication Setup
  - 6.6.1 Upgrading Replication to 4.0 or 4.1
  - 6.6.2 Upgrading Replication to 5.0
- 6.7 Replication Features and Known Problems
- 6.8 Replication Startup Options
- 6.9 Replication FAQ
- 6.10 Troubleshooting Replication
- 6.11 Reporting Replication Bugs
7. MySQL Optimization
- 7.1 Optimization Overview
- 7.2 Optimizing SELECT Statements and Other Queries
- 7.3 Locking Issues
  - 7.3.1 Locking Methods
  - 7.3.2 Table Locking Issues
- 7.4 Optimizing Database Structure
- 7.5 Optimizing the MySQL Server
- 7.6 Disk Issues
  - 7.6.1 Using Symbolic Links
8. MySQL Client and Utility Programs
- 8.1 Overview of the Client-Side Scripts and Utilities
- 8.2 myisampack, the MySQL Compressed Read-only Table Generator
- 8.3 mysql, the Command-Line Tool
- 8.4 mysqladmin, Administering a MySQL Server
- 8.5 The mysqlbinlog Binary Log Utility
- 8.6 mysqlcc, the MySQL Control Center
- 8.7 The mysqlcheck Table Maintenance and Repair Program
- 8.8 The mysqldump Database Backup Program
- 8.9 The mysqlhotcopy Database Backup Program
- 8.10 The mysqlimport Data Import Program
- 8.11 mysqlshow, Showing Databases, Tables, and Columns
- 8.12 perror, Explaining Error Codes
- 8.13 The replace String-replacement Utility
9. MySQL Language Reference
10. Language Structure
- 10.1 Literal Values
- 10.2 Database, Table, Index, Column, and Alias Names
  - 10.2.1 Identifier Qualifiers
  - 10.2.2 Identifier Case Sensitivity
- 10.3 User Variables
- 10.4 System Variables
  - 10.4.1 Structured System Variables
- 10.5 Comment Syntax
- 10.6 Treatment of Reserved Words in MySQL
11. Character Set Support
- 11.1 Character Sets and Collations in General
- 11.2 Character Sets and Collations in MySQL
- 11.3 Determining the Default Character Set and Collation
- 11.4 Operations Affected by Character Set Support
- 11.5 Unicode Support
- 11.6 UTF8 for Metadata
- 11.7 Compatibility with Other DBMSs
- 11.8 New Character Set Configuration File Format
- 11.9 National Character Set
- 11.10 Upgrading Character Sets from MySQL 4.0
  - 11.10.1 4.0 Character Sets and Corresponding 4.1 Character Set/Collation Pairs
  - 11.10.2 Converting 4.0 Character Columns to 4.1 Format
- 11.11 Character Sets and Collations That MySQL Supports
12. Column Types
- 12.1 Column Type Overview
- 12.2 Numeric Types
- 12.3 Date and Time Types
- 12.4 String Types
- 12.5 Column Type Storage Requirements
- 12.6 Choosing the Right Type for a Column
- 12.7 Using Column Types from Other Database Engines
13. Functions and Operators
- 13.1 Operators
- 13.2 Control Flow Functions
- 13.3 String Functions
  - 13.3.1 String Comparison Functions
- 13.4 Numeric Functions
  - 13.4.1 Arithmetic Operators
  - 13.4.2 Mathematical Functions
- 13.5 Date and Time Functions
- 13.6 Full-Text Search Functions
- 13.7 Cast Functions
- 13.8 Other Functions
- 13.9 Functions and Modifiers for Use with GROUP BY Clauses
14. SQL Statement Syntax
- 14.1 Data Manipulation Statements
- 14.2 Data Definition Statements
- 14.3 MySQL Utility Statements
  - 14.3.1 DESCRIBE Syntax (Get Information About Columns)
  - 14.3.2 USE Syntax
- 14.4 MySQL Transactional and Locking Statements
- 14.5 Database Administration Statements
- 14.6 Replication Statements
  - 14.6.1 SQL Statements for Controlling Master Servers
  - 14.6.2 SQL Statements for Controlling Slave Servers
15. MySQL Storage Engines and Table Types
- 15.1 The MyISAM Storage Engine
- 15.2 The MERGE Storage Engine
  - 15.2.1 MERGE Table Problems
- 15.3 The MEMORY (HEAP) Storage Engine
- 15.4 The BDB (BerkeleyDB) Storage Engine
- 15.5 The ISAM Storage Engine
16. The InnoDB Storage Engine
- 16.1 InnoDB Overview
- 16.2 InnoDB Contact Information
- 16.3 InnoDB in MySQL 3.23
- 16.4 InnoDB Configuration
- 16.5 InnoDB Startup Options
- 16.6 Creating the InnoDB Tablespace
  - 16.6.1 Dealing with InnoDB Initialization Problems
- 16.7 Creating InnoDB Tables
- 16.8 Adding and Removing InnoDB Data and Log Files
- 16.9 Backing Up and Recovering an InnoDB Database
  - 16.9.1 Forcing Recovery
  - 16.9.2 Checkpoints
- 16.10 Moving an InnoDB Database to Another Machine
- 16.11 InnoDB Transaction Model and Locking
- 16.12 InnoDB Performance Tuning Tips
  - 16.12.1 SHOW INNODB STATUS and the InnoDB Monitors
- 16.13 Implementation of Multi-Versioning
- 16.14 Table and Index Structures
- 16.15 File Space Management and Disk I/O
- 16.16 Error Handling
  - 16.16.1 InnoDB Error Codes
  - 16.16.2 Operating System Error Codes
- 16.17 Restrictions on InnoDB Tables
- 16.18 InnoDB Troubleshooting
  - 16.18.1 Troubleshooting InnoDB Data Dictionary Operations
17. Introduction to MaxDB
- 17.1 History of MaxDB
- 17.2 Licensing and Support
- 17.3 MaxDB-Related Links
- 17.4 Basic Concepts of MaxDB
- 17.5 Feature Differences Between MaxDB and MySQL
- 17.6 Interoperability Features Between MaxDB and MySQL
- 17.7 Reserved Words in MaxDB
18. Spatial Extensions in MySQL
- 18.1 Introduction
- 18.2 The OpenGIS Geometry Model
- 18.3 Supported Spatial Data Formats
  - 18.3.1 Well-Known Text (WKT) Format
  - 18.3.2 Well-Known Binary (WKB) Format
- 18.4 Creating a Spatially Enabled MySQL Database
- 18.5 Analyzing Spatial Information
- 18.6 Optimizing Spatial Analysis
  - 18.6.1 Creating Spatial Indexes
  - 18.6.2 Using a Spatial Index
- 18.7 MySQL Conformance and Compatibility
  - 18.7.1 GIS Features That Are Not Yet Implemented
19. Stored Procedures and Functions
- 19.1 Stored Procedure Syntax
20. MySQL APIs
- 20.1 MySQL Program Development Utilities
  - 20.1.1 msql2mysql, Convert mSQL Programs for Use with MySQL
  - 20.1.2 mysql_config, Get compile options for compiling clients
- 20.2 MySQL C API
- 20.3 MySQL ODBC Support
- 20.4 MySQL Java Connectivity (JDBC)
- 20.5 MySQL PHP API
  - 20.5.1 Common Problems with MySQL and PHP
- 20.6 MySQL Perl API
- 20.7 MySQL C++ API
  - 20.7.1 Borland C++
- 20.8 MySQL Python API
- 20.9 MySQL Tcl API
- 20.10 MySQL Eiffel Wrapper
21. Error Handling in MySQL
- 21.1 Error Returns
- 21.2 Error Messages
22. Extending MySQL
- 22.1 MySQL Internals
  - 22.1.1 MySQL Threads
  - 22.1.2 MySQL Test Suite
- 22.2 Adding New Functions to MySQL
- 22.3 Adding New Procedures to MySQL
  - 22.3.1 Procedure Analyse
  - 22.3.2 Writing a Procedure
A. Problems and Common Errors
- A.1 How to Determine What Is Causing a Problem
- A.2 Common Errors When Using MySQL Programs
- A.3 Installation-Related Issues
- A.4 Administration-Related Issues
- A.5 Query-Related Issues
- A.6 Optimizer-Related Issues
- A.7 Table Definition-Related Issues
B. Credits
- B.1 Developers at MySQL AB
- B.2 Contributors to MySQL
- B.3 Documenters and translators
- B.4 Libraries used by and included with MySQL
- B.5 Packages that support MySQL
- B.6 Tools that were used to create MySQL